The decades of space exploration since the launching of the first Sputnik have allowed the technology to be developed up to unsuspected limits and to know the solar system in great detail. Nowadays we have settlements in the space inhabited continuously, ships moved by new types of engines, rockets that land alone and probes that make their own decisions. Technology is finally ready to successfully face the challenges of space colonization. Soon we will become a multiplanetary species, something that will change and enrich our culture in a way that we can not foresee, and that will be key to our long-term survival.